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If
a cookie contains 100 calories, anyone who eats it consumes
100 calories.
But
the other side of the energy equation (burning calories) isn't
that simple. When it comes to burning calories, people who
do the same activity at the same pace for the same amount
of time can burn vastly different numbers of calories, depending
on their size. For example, if a family of three jogs side-by-side
for 30 minutes, the 175-pound father will burn 400 calories,
the 130-pound mother will burn 300 calories and the 65-pound
child will burn 180 calories.
"Larger
people are burning calories at a greater rate than smaller
people, particularly with activities like walking or stair
climbing where they have to carry their own weight,"
says Robert McMurray, professor of exercise and sports science
at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Exercisers
are often mislead by workout equipment or charts that don't
factor in weight when they proclaim how many calories are
being burned by an activity, he says. If an exercise machine
or chart calculates the calories burned by an "average"
150-pound person, the results would be "vastly inaccurate"
for much larger or smaller exercisers.
In
addition, leaning on the hand-rails of a stair climber or
keeping a "death grip" on the treadmill railing
will greatly decrease your rate of burning calories, says
exercise physiologist Steve Farrell of the Cooper Institute
for Aerobics Research in Dallas. "The machine is assuming
that your legs are carrying your entire body weight,"
he notes. "But if you're supporting yourself on the handles,
you're actually burning about 20 to 30 percent fewer calories
than the machine indicates."
Knowing
how many calories you're burning during activity can be important
if you're trying to lose weight, since the "general rule
of thumb for weight loss is to create a 300- to 500-calorie
deficit each day," Farrell says. This means, consume
300 to 500 fewer calories than you expend.
Half
of this "calorie deficit" should come from eating
less and half should come from exercising more. "We generally
advise people who want to lose weight to expend at least 250
calories more each day than they have in the past," he
says. "Additionally, they should eat 250 fewer calories
than they've been eating."
Burning calories is just one of four main reasons why "regular
exercise is the single best predictor of whether an overweight
person will lose weight and keep it off," says Yale University
psychology professor Kelly Brownell, who has done extensive
research on obesity and eating disorders. "People lose
more weight than you can explain by the calories burned from
exercise," Brownell notes. Exercise also boosts weight
loss because it:
Builds
muscle. Muscle tissue is the most metabolically active tissue
in the body, so people with more muscles burn more calories,
even at rest.
Revs up the metabolism. The metabolic rate rises during physical
activity and stays elevated for a significant period of time
after exercise is finished.
Affects psychological factors. Exercise helps boost self-esteem
and body image, reduce depression and relieve stress. "This
can give people more psychic strength to adhere to a diet,"
says Brownell, who believes "most of the action"
in exercising for weight loss comes from this psychological
dimension.
To lose weight, "do anything you can to be more active--even
if it's just parking in the farthest space and walking an
extra 50 yards," Brownell says. "That's like making
a deposit in your self-esteem bank because you know you've
done something good for yourself." And having a high
"self esteem bank balance," he says, can help people
gain the willpower and commitment to adhere to healthy eating
habits for life.
Burning
Calories during 30 minutes of activity..
|
TYPE OF ACTIVITY |
130-pound adult |
175-pound adult |
|
Cycling |
180 |
240 |
|
Swimming |
210 |
300 |
|
In-Line Skating |
210 |
280 |
|
Softball |
120 |
160 |
|
Aerobic Dance |
180 |
240 |
|
Jogging |
300 |
400 |
|
Hiking (20-pound pack) |
280 |
336 |
|
Tennis |
180 |
270 |
|
Martial Arts |
300 |
420 |
|
Skiing |
240 |
330 |
|
Walking |
130 |
180 |
|
Canoeing |
80 |
105 |
|
Bowling |
170 |
231 |
|
Weight Lifting |
210 |
240 |
|
Frisbee |
180 |
240 |
| Authors
Details: Burning Calories - 'How many calories
are you using?' by Carol Krucoff |
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